Work measurement ( IEM ) part-1

Topic includes

- Work measurement

- Meaning of stop watch time study

- It's types and explanation

- Difference between basic and standard time

https://rahulsinghmar.blogspot.com/work-measurement-iem-part-2

- Work sampling with steps, advantage, disadvantage
- Work sampling
- Characteristics of work Sampling
- Steps / procedure
- Application
- PMTS
- Work factor
-Use of motion time table

This link for main blog visit.

rahulsinghmar.blogspot.com

Work measurement

Work measurement is the process of establishing the time that a given task would take when performed by a qualified worker working at a defined level of performance.

Objectives of Work Measurement:

1. To compare the times of performance by alternative methods.

2. To enable realistic schedule of work to be prepared.

3. To arrive at a realistic and fair incentive scheme.

Meaning of Stop Watch Time Study:

Stop Watch Time Study is one of the equipment used for Time Study. It is employed for measuring the time taken by an operator to complete the work. Stop watch used for time study purpose should be very accurate and preferably be graduated in decimals so that it can recover even up to 0.01 minute.

The stop watch procedures for collecting Time Study Data are listed below:

a) Analyse the job to establish the quality to be achieved in the job.

b) Identify key operations to be timed in the job.

c) Get improved procedure from the method study department.

d) Organise resources and explain the objectives of time study to the worker and supervisor.

e) Explain details to worker about improved working procedure.

f) Break operation into elements to separate the constant elements from variable elements.

g) Observe and record the time taken by an operator.

h) Determine for number cycles to be timed and then the average time or representative time can be found out.

i) Rate of performance of the worker during observation.

j) Calculate normal time from observed time by using performance rating factor.

k) Add process allowance rest and personal allowance and special allowances to the normal time in order to obtain standard time or allowed time.

rahulsinghmar.blogspot.com

Equipments of Stop Watch Time Study:

Stop watch is one of the important timing devices used for measuring the time taken by a worker to complete a job. Stop watch is an accurate time measuring equipment which can normally run continuously for half an hour or one hour and record the time by its small hand. One revolution of the big hand records one minute. Even the scale covering one minute may be calibrated into intervals of 1/ 100th of a minute.

There are three types of stop watches and they are:

1. Non-fly back stop watch,

2. Fly back stop watch, and

3. Split hand or split second type stop watch

Non-fly back stop watch:

This stop watch is used for continuous timing. When the winding knob is pressed for the first time, the watch starts and the long hand begins to move, now if the winding knob is pressed for the second time, the long hand stops. If the winding knob is pressed for the third time, the hand returns to zero position.

2. Fly back stop watch:

When two elements are to be timed and the second element is immediately after the first element, fly back stop watch is required. In a fly back stop watch, the watch is started and stopped with the help of a slide.

By pressing the wind knob, the hands are brought back to zero, but they move forward again immediately without stopping. To stop the hand at any point, the slide is used. This watch is used to take continuous timing observation.

3. Split-hand stop watch:

A split hand stop watch is used to get greater accuracy when two elements are to be timed and the second element is immediately after the first element. The stop watch is started and the first element is observed.

After the completion of first elements the winding knob is pressed which makes one hand to stop but the other hand keeps moving. After the reading has been taken for the first element, the winding knob is pressed for the second time which restarts the stopped hand making the two hands go together.

Difference between basic time  and standard time

Basic Time:

Basic time of a job is determined by multiplying rating factor to the observed time (cycle time). Basic time is also expressed as Normal time.

Basic time = (Observed time X Performance Rating)/100
Or
Basic Time = (Standard Time - Allowances)

In Basic Time no allowances are included.

Standard Time:

Standard time is the time allowed to an operator to carry out the specified task under the specified condition and defined level of performance. This is a standard definition for standard time.
Some additional time is added to the basic time to arrive standard time of a task. In practice, none can work throughout the day without taking rest. Operators need time for relaxation from fatigue. Various allowances are relaxation allowance, contingency allowance (like machine breakdown) and bundle allowance (for PBS system).

Standard Time = Basic Time + Allowances

Conclusion: For a specific task following conclusion can be drawn

Observed Time may be greater or lower than Basic Time.
Basic Time is always lower than Standard Time
To set Standard Time of a job you must add allowances to Basic Time (normal time)