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Rahul Singhmar
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Content includes
- Electro deposition
- Faraday laws
- Extraction of metals
- Refining of metals
- Electro typing
- Galvanisation and ques
- Anodising and ques
- Equipment and accessories for electro plating
- Electro plating on non conducting materials
Electro deposition
An electrolytic process is the use of electrolysis industrially to refine metals or compounds at a high purity and low cost. Some examples the production of hydrogen from water.
Basic Principle of Electrolysis:
In nature atoms of electrolyte (chemical compound) are closely bound together but bond becomes weaker, when dissolved and the molecules of the electrolyte split up into two types of ions carrying electric charges, called the cations and anions, and moving freely in the solution. Now if two electrodes are dipped into the electrolyte and connected to the dc supply, ions associated with positive charge (cations) and moving freely in the solution are attracted by the cathode (electrode connected to the negative terminal of the supply) and the ions associated with negative charge (anions) and moving freely in the solution are attracted by the anode (electrode connected to the positive terminal of the supply).Faraday’s Laws of Electrolysis
Faraday first law
The weight of a substance liberated from an electrolyte in a given time is proportional to the quantity of electricity passing in that time.
m=Z.I.T
Z is constant
I is steady current
T time in seconds
Second law
When the same quantity of electricity is passed through different electrolysis, the weight of the substances liberated from each will be proportional to their chemical equivalents .
Since atomic weight of hydrogen is unity
So it's valancy, is also 1
And chemical equivalent to 1.
Extraction of metals
There are two methods of extraction of metal .
In first one, the ore is treated with a strong acid to obtain a salt and solution of such salt is electrolysed to liberate the metal.
In second process the ore is in a molten state and it is electrolysed in a furnace .
Refining of metals
The main advantage through extraction is that the purity of product obtained is 98 percnt...
Further refining is done by electrolysis. The anode is made of the extracted metal. Pure metal is deposited at the cathode. The electrolyte is made of the metal solution . Energy consumption in copper refining by electrolytic process is 150 to 300 kWH/tonne of refined copper.
Further refining is done by electrolysis. The anode is made of the extracted metal. Pure metal is deposited at the cathode. The electrolyte is made of the metal solution . Energy consumption in copper refining by electrolytic process is 150 to 300 kWH/tonne of refined copper.
Electro plating
This is the process of covering the articles made up of cheap metals by a thin covering of precious metals such as iron with nickel chromium, silver or gold with one or more of the following aim of view.
1. Protection of metals against corrosion.
2. Giving shiny appearance to articles.
3. Giving reflection properties to reflectors .
4. Replacing work out material.
Electro- typing
This is a process by which type wood cuts etc.
are reproduced in copper by a process of electro-plating . In this process a mould is first made of the type in wax, then it is subjected to the process of electro deposition. Thus a film of copper is formed on the prepared surface.
Whenever an electrolyte like metal sulfate is diluted in water, its molecules split into positive and negative ions. The positive ions (or metal ions) move to the electrodes connected with the negative terminal of the battery where these positive ions take electrons from it, becoming a pure metal atom and getting deposited on the electrode.
The negative ions (or sulphions) move to the electrode connected with the positive terminal of the battery, where these negative ions give up their extra electrons and become SO4 radical. Since SO4 cannot exist in an electrically neutral state, it will attack the metallic positive electrode – forming a metallic sulfate which will again dissolve in the water.
Who Invented Faraday’s Laws of Electrolysis?
Faraday’s Laws of Electrolysis were published by Michael Faraday in 1834. Michael Faraday was also responsible
Galvanisation
It is a process which employs an electrochemical action for giving a coating of highly corrosion resistant material on the surface of another metal and used for coating of zinc on iron and steel.
What is Galvanising and how does it work?
Galvanisation or galvanization (or galvanizing as it is most commonly called) is the process of applying a protective zinc coating to iron or steel, to prevent rusting. The most common method is hot dip galvanizing, in which steel sections are submerged in a bath of molten zinc.
Why is Galvanising done?
Galvanization is the process of applying a protective zinc coating to steel or iron in order to prevent premature rust and corrosion. ... The corrosion of zinc is very slow, which gives it an extended life while it protects the base metal. Due to the alloying of the Zinc to the iron, cathodic protection occurs.
What is hot dip galvanizing process?
Hot-dip galvanization is a form of galvanization. It is the process of coating iron and steel with zinc, which alloys with the surface of the base metal when immersing the metal in a bath of molten zinc at a temperature of around 449 °C (840 °F).
Anodising
It is a process in which a film of oxide is made on the surface of aluminium. This coating of oxide gives a protective coating on aluminium.
The main applications are in aircraft.
What is the process of anodising?
Anodizing is an electrochemical process that converts the metal surface into a decorative, durable, corrosion-resistant, anodic oxide finish. ... Anodizing is accomplished by immersing the aluminum into an acid electrolyte bath and passing an electric current through the medium.
What is anodizing process for Aluminium?
Aluminum anodizing is an electrochemical process in which an oxide (anodic) layer is chemically built on the surface of the metal. This oxide layer acts as an insulator and can be dyed in a wide variety of colors. Anodizing provides surface corrosion protection along with an excellent substrate for decorative finishes.
SURFACE TREATMENT EQUIPMENT GENERAL INFORMATION.
BARREL/ CHUCK TYPE SURFACE TREATMENT EQUIPMENT.
CARRIER TYPE SURFACE TREATMENT EQUIPMENT.
WIRE DRAWING AND CONTINUOUS PLATING EQUIPMENT.
STEEL WIRE HOT DIP GALVANIZING PROCESS LINE.
ELECTROLYTIC GALVANIZING LINE FOR STEEL WIRE.
BRASS PLATING LINE.
The key to electroplating non-conductive materials is with a process called electroless plating. Unlike electroplating, which relies on depositing a thin layer of metal using an electric current, electroless plating deposits a light coating of metal without the use of electricity.
According to me, vaccum can be considered as the best non conductor of heat since there are no particles in it to vibrate and pass heat. The only mode of heat transfer in vacuum is radiation which happens purely due to temperature gradient.
All kinds of metals can be plated in this way, including gold, silver, tin, zinc, copper, cadmium, chromium, nickel, platinum, and lead. Electroplating is very similar to electrolysis (using electricity to split up a chemical solution), which is the reverse of the process by which batteries produce electric currents
Some examples of non-conductive materials include paper, glass, rubber, porcelain, ceramic and plastic. Of these materials, glass, ceramic and plastic are standard throughout a variety of industries and are often plated with metal to alter their appearance and physical properties.
What is the process of anodising?
Anodizing is an electrochemical process that converts the metal surface into a decorative, durable, corrosion-resistant, anodic oxide finish. ... Anodizing is accomplished by immersing the aluminum into an acid electrolyte bath and passing an electric current through the medium.
What is anodizing process for Aluminium?
Aluminum anodizing is an electrochemical process in which an oxide (anodic) layer is chemically built on the surface of the metal. This oxide layer acts as an insulator and can be dyed in a wide variety of colors. Anodizing provides surface corrosion protection along with an excellent substrate for decorative finishes.
EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES
SURFACE TREATMENT EQUIPMENT GENERAL INFORMATION.
BARREL/ CHUCK TYPE SURFACE TREATMENT EQUIPMENT.
CARRIER TYPE SURFACE TREATMENT EQUIPMENT.
WIRE DRAWING AND CONTINUOUS PLATING EQUIPMENT.
STEEL WIRE HOT DIP GALVANIZING PROCESS LINE.
ELECTROLYTIC GALVANIZING LINE FOR STEEL WIRE.
BRASS PLATING LINE.
Electroplate non conductive materials
The key to electroplating non-conductive materials is with a process called electroless plating. Unlike electroplating, which relies on depositing a thin layer of metal using an electric current, electroless plating deposits a light coating of metal without the use of electricity.
What is the best non conductive material?
According to me, vaccum can be considered as the best non conductor of heat since there are no particles in it to vibrate and pass heat. The only mode of heat transfer in vacuum is radiation which happens purely due to temperature gradient.
What materials can you electroplate?
All kinds of metals can be plated in this way, including gold, silver, tin, zinc, copper, cadmium, chromium, nickel, platinum, and lead. Electroplating is very similar to electrolysis (using electricity to split up a chemical solution), which is the reverse of the process by which batteries produce electric currents
What material is non conductive?
Some examples of non-conductive materials include paper, glass, rubber, porcelain, ceramic and plastic. Of these materials, glass, ceramic and plastic are standard throughout a variety of industries and are often plated with metal to alter their appearance and physical properties.
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