Electrical Circuit Pdf

Electrical Network

An electrical network is an interconnection of electrical components (e.g., batteries, resistors, inductors, capacitors, switches, transistors) or a model of such an interconnection, consisting of electrical elements (e.g., voltage sources, current sources, resistances, inductances, capacitances). An electrical circuit is a network consisting of a closed loop, giving a return path for the current. Linear electrical networks, a special type consisting only of sources (voltage or current), linear lumped elements (resistors, capacitors, inductors), and linear distributed elements (transmission lines), have the property that signals are linearly super imposable. They are thus more easily analyzed, using powerful frequency domain methods such as Laplace transforms, to determine DC response, AC response, and transient response.

Some Electrical laws

 A number of electrical laws apply to all electrical networks. These include:

Kirchhoff's current law:

 The sum of all currents entering a node is equal to the sum of all currents leaving the node.

Kirchhoff's voltage law: 

The directed sum of the electrical potential differences around a loop must be zero.

Ohm's law: The voltage across a resistor is equal to the product of the resistance and the current flowing through it.

Norton's theorem:

 Any network of voltage or current sources and resistors is electrically equivalent to an ideal current source in parallel with a single resistor.

Thévenin's theorem: 

Any network of voltage or current sources and resistors is electrically equivalent to a single voltage source in series with a single resistor.

Superposition theorem: 

In a linear network with several independent sources, the response in a particular branch when all the sources are acting simultaneously is equal to the linear sum of individual responses calculated by taking one independent source at a time.

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